Suspensions Increase Depression Rates in Students
According to research conducted by the University of Arkansas, exclusionary discipline practices such as suspensions and expulsions increase depression rates in students from adolescence into adulthood. These types of punishments not only lead to academic issues such as low standardized test scores and graduation rates but also cause long-term mental health challenges.
Data from the U.S. Department of Education for the 2020-2021 school year reveals that approximately 786,600 students received in-school suspensions, while 638,700 students were suspended out-of-school. Black male students, who make up 8% of K-12 enrollment, accounted for 15% of in-school suspensions and 18% of out-of-school suspensions and expulsions.
Researchers emphasize that these disciplinary methods are not just educational problems but also serious public health issues. They point to restorative justice as an alternative approach that supports student well-being by focusing on building relationships and fostering community rather than punishment. Restorative justice aims to repair harm, encourage accountability, and create an environment where everyone's voice is heard.
Experts argue that such approaches should not only replace disciplinary measures but also become a culture within schools. They call on educational leaders and policymakers to prioritize the positive impacts this change could have on student mental health.